Strategic Development of Local Coffee SMEs: A Force Field Analysis of Growth Drivers and Constraints
Keywords:
Force Field Analysis, SME Development, Coffee Industry, Growth Drivers, Business Constraints
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the strategic development of local coffee SMEs in Balikpapan using a Force Field Analysis (FFA) approach to identify growth drivers and constraints. A qualitative-descriptive design was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation from selected SME actors and stakeholders. The analysis reveals that the total weighted score of driving forces (6.87) exceeds restraining forces (5.58), indicating a positively inclined but fragile growth condition. Key driving forces include increasing coffee consumption and the availability of digital marketing platforms, while major constraints consist of limited access to capital and weak managerial capability. The findings highlight a critical growth–capability gap, where strong market opportunities are not fully supported by internal readiness. This study contributes by demonstrating the usefulness of FFA in capturing the dynamic interaction between enabling and constraining factors, offering more actionable insights compared to linear approaches. The results suggest that strengthening internal capabilities and optimizing digital adoption are essential to achieving sustainable growth. The study provides practical implications for SME actors and policymakers in formulating targeted development strategies.
References
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Kraus, S., Durst, S., Ferreira, J., Veiga, P., Kailer, N., & Weinmann, A. (2022). Digital transformation in business and management research : An overview of the current status quo. International Journal of Information Management, 63(August 2020), 102466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102466
Lenasari, R. P., Purbasari, R., & Purnomo, M. (2024). Resiliensi Pada Perusahaan Skala Usaha Kecil Menengah. Jurnal Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 20(2), 58–67. https://doi.org/10.31940/jbk.v20i2.58-67
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Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2021). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications Inc.
Nainggolan, H. (2022). Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan, Kontrol Diri, Dan Penggunaan E-Money Terhadap Perilaku Konsumtif Pekerja Produksi Pt Pertamina Balikpapan. Jesya (Jurnal Ekonomi & Ekonomi Syariah), 5(1), 810–826. https://doi.org/10.36778/jesya.v5i1.574
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Nurlia, N., Rohman, D. T., Hardinata, E., & Yudha, M. N. (2024). Penggunaan Media Sosial Terhadap Kinerja UMKM: Peran Moderasi Kemampuan Dinamis pada UMKM di Kecamatan Balikpapan Utara. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Dan Ilmu Sosial (JMPIS), 5(6).
Ollivaud, P. (2021). Investing in competences and skills and reforming the labour market to create better jobs in Indonesia (1670; OECD Economics Department Working Papers, Issue 1670). https://doi.org/10.1787/fd54e6be-en
Onkelinx, J., Manolova, T. S., & Edelman, L. F. (2016). The human factor: Investments in employee human capital, productivity, and SME internationalization. Journal of International Management, 22(4), 351–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2016.05.002
Phiri, J. (2024). Performance reporting for innovation partnerships – the case of the triple helix in Zambia. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2411447. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2411447
Rizana, A. F., Wiratmadja, I. I., & Akbar, M. (2025). Exploring Capabilities for Digital Transformation in the Business Context: Insight from a Systematic Literature Review. In Sustainability (Vol. 17, Issue 9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su17094222
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Roreng, P. P., Halik, J. B., Halik, M. Y., & Irdawati. (2024). Systematic Literature Review : Kondisi Makroekonomi Indonesia Pasca Pandemi Covid-19 dan Prospek di Masa Mendatang. Journal of Marketing Management and Innovative Business Review, 2(2), 56–67. https://doi.org/10.63416/mrb.v2i2.306
Samosir, F., Sampepajung, D. C., & Halik, J. B. (2025). Green Strategies and Business Growth in SMEs : Does Industry Type Matter? Journal of Marketing Management and Innovative Business Review, 3(2), 54–66. https://doi.org/10.63416/mrb.v3i2.387
Sugiyono. (2020). Penelitian Kualitatif. Alfabeta.
Swanson, D. J., & Creed, A. S. (2014). Sharpening the Focus of Force Field Analysis. Journal of Change Management, 14(1), 28–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/14697017.2013.788052
Unusida, A. S. P., Fahriani, D., Muzakki, K., & Wicaksono, A. (2025). The Impact of Access to Capital and Financial Technology on the Business Performance of SME in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. Golden Ratio of Finance Management, 5(2 SE-Articles), 410–422. https://doi.org/10.52970/grfm.v5i2.1363
Viljamaa, A., Joensuu-Salo, S., & Varamäki, E. (2025). Strategic planning, ambidexterity and exit strategy: dynamics in SMEs. International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development, 24(6), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMED.2025.147533
Wirawan, Andi Andika, Sjahruddin, Herman, Razak, N. (2019). Pengaruh Kualitas Produk dan Lokasi Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Melalui Kepuasan Pelanggan Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada Lamuna Coffee di Kabupaten Bone. Jurnal Organisasi Dan Manajemen, 10(1), 15–26.
Akbar, R. E., & Hartono, A. (2024). The Impact Of Open Innovation And Knowledge Management On Sme Performance In Yogyakarta. EKOMBIS REVIEW: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 12(3), 2633–2644. https://doi.org/10.37676/ekombis.v12i3.5759
Audretsch, D. B., Belitski, M., Caiazza, R., & Phan, P. (2023). Collaboration strategies and SME innovation performance. Journal of Business Research, 164(May 2022), 114018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114018
Barney, Jay. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
Brodny, J., & Tutak, M. (2022). Digitalization of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises and Economic Growth: Evidence for the EU-27 Countries. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8020067
Bruce, E., Shurong, Z., Ying, D., Yaqi, M., Amoah, J., & Egala, S. B. (2023). The Effect of Digital Marketing Adoption on SMEs Sustainable Growth : Empirical Evidence from Ghana. 1–24.
Burnes, Bernard. (2020). The Origins of Lewin’s Three-Step Model of Change. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 56(1), 32–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886319892685
Cera, E., & Abbas, Z. (2023). Transformational Leadership Fostering Open Innovation: A Dynamic Capabilities Perspective. Proceedings of the European Conference on Management, Leadership and Governance, 2023-Novem, 63–71. https://doi.org/10.34190/ecmlg.19.1.1583
Crema, M., Verbano, C., & Venturini, K. (2014). Linking strategy with open innovation and performance in SMEs. Measuring Business Excellence, 18(2), 14–27. https://doi.org/10.1108/MBE-07-2013-0042
Faiz, F., Le, V., & Masli, E. K. (2024). Determinants of digital technology adoption in innovative SMEs. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 9(October), 100610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100610
Gerhart, Barry, & Feng, Jie. (2021). The Resource-Based View of the Firm, Human Resources, and Human Capital: Progress and Prospects. Journal of Management, 47(7), 1796–1819. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206320978799
Golda, C., Todingbua, M. A., & Halik, J. B. (2024). THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL LITERACY ON THE INCOME OF CULINARY SMES IN TANA TORAJA REGENCY THROUGH PERFORMANCE. Indonesian Journal of Economic Studies, 3(2), 5–12. https://journal.siddiqinstitute.org/IJES/article/view/78
Grant, R. M. (1996). Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17(S2), 109–122. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250171110
Halik, J. B., & Halik, M. Y. (2024). Open Innovation And Digital Marketing : A Catalyst For Culinary SMEs In Makassar. Jurnal Manajemen, 28(03), 588–612. https://doi.org/10.24912/jm.v28i3.2059
Halik, J. B., Halik, M. Y., Basongan, S., & Mapau, J. (2026). Strategic Distribution , Digital Marketing , and Open Innovation : Toward Integrated Capability Development for SME Performance. Asia Marketing Journal, 27(4), 355–371. https://doi.org/10.53728/2765-6500.1665
Halik, J. B., Nurlia, & Latiep, I. F. (2023). Analisis Strategi Pemasaran Dalam Meningkatkan Jumlah Konsumen dI Makassar Cofee House (MCH). Journal of Marketing Management and Innovative Business Review, 1(1), 48–60. https://doi.org/10.63416/mrb.v1i1.163
HALIK, J. B., PARAWANSA, D. A. S., SUDIRMAN, I., & Jusni, J. (2023). Implications of IT Awareness and Digital Marketing to Product Distribution on the Performance of Makassar SMEs. 유통과학연구 Journal of Distribution Science, 21(7), 105–116. https://doi.org/10.15722/jds.21.07.202307.105
Irdawati, & Nurlia. (2025). Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan dan Manajemen Kas terhadap Keberlanjutan UMKM Sektor Perdagangan di Kota Bekasi. ECOHOLIC: Jurnal Ekonomi Holistik, 1(1), 35–48. https://ojs.ukipaulus.ac.id/index.php/jeh/article/view/855
Kraus, S., Durst, S., Ferreira, J., Veiga, P., Kailer, N., & Weinmann, A. (2022). Digital transformation in business and management research : An overview of the current status quo. International Journal of Information Management, 63(August 2020), 102466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102466
Lenasari, R. P., Purbasari, R., & Purnomo, M. (2024). Resiliensi Pada Perusahaan Skala Usaha Kecil Menengah. Jurnal Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 20(2), 58–67. https://doi.org/10.31940/jbk.v20i2.58-67
Londong, J. P. (2024). Perilaku Konsumen Di Era Digital. MARIOBRE: Journal of Marketing Management and Innovative Business Review, 02(2), 15–26. https://doi.org/10.63416/mrb.v2i2.260
Lukitaningsih, J. D. &. (2021). Warung Kopi sebagai Ruang Publik dari Masa Ke Masa Di Kota Medan Coffee Shop from Time to Time as a Public Sphere in Medan. JUPIIS: Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 13(1), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.24114/jupiis.v13i1.18639
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2021). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications Inc.
Nainggolan, H. (2022). Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan, Kontrol Diri, Dan Penggunaan E-Money Terhadap Perilaku Konsumtif Pekerja Produksi Pt Pertamina Balikpapan. Jesya (Jurnal Ekonomi & Ekonomi Syariah), 5(1), 810–826. https://doi.org/10.36778/jesya.v5i1.574
Naruetharadhol, P., Srisathan, W. A., Gebsombut, N., Wongthahan, P., & Ketkaew, C. (2022). Industry 4.0 for Thai SMEs: Implementing Open Innovation as Innovation Capability Management. International Journal of Technology, 13(1), 48–57. https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v13i1.4746
Nurlia, N., Rohman, D. T., Hardinata, E., & Yudha, M. N. (2024). Penggunaan Media Sosial Terhadap Kinerja UMKM: Peran Moderasi Kemampuan Dinamis pada UMKM di Kecamatan Balikpapan Utara. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Dan Ilmu Sosial (JMPIS), 5(6).
Ollivaud, P. (2021). Investing in competences and skills and reforming the labour market to create better jobs in Indonesia (1670; OECD Economics Department Working Papers, Issue 1670). https://doi.org/10.1787/fd54e6be-en
Onkelinx, J., Manolova, T. S., & Edelman, L. F. (2016). The human factor: Investments in employee human capital, productivity, and SME internationalization. Journal of International Management, 22(4), 351–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2016.05.002
Phiri, J. (2024). Performance reporting for innovation partnerships – the case of the triple helix in Zambia. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2411447. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2411447
Rizana, A. F., Wiratmadja, I. I., & Akbar, M. (2025). Exploring Capabilities for Digital Transformation in the Business Context: Insight from a Systematic Literature Review. In Sustainability (Vol. 17, Issue 9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su17094222
Rono, T. M., & Palame, J. (2024). Analisis Break EventPoint (BEP) Sebagai Alat Perencanaan Laba Pada UKM Kopi Toraja KOPITOR. Journal of Marketing Management and Innovative Business Review, 02(01), 27–31. https://ojsapaji.org/index.php/mariobre/article/view/223
Roreng, P. P., Halik, J. B., Halik, M. Y., & Irdawati. (2024). Systematic Literature Review : Kondisi Makroekonomi Indonesia Pasca Pandemi Covid-19 dan Prospek di Masa Mendatang. Journal of Marketing Management and Innovative Business Review, 2(2), 56–67. https://doi.org/10.63416/mrb.v2i2.306
Samosir, F., Sampepajung, D. C., & Halik, J. B. (2025). Green Strategies and Business Growth in SMEs : Does Industry Type Matter? Journal of Marketing Management and Innovative Business Review, 3(2), 54–66. https://doi.org/10.63416/mrb.v3i2.387
Sugiyono. (2020). Penelitian Kualitatif. Alfabeta.
Swanson, D. J., & Creed, A. S. (2014). Sharpening the Focus of Force Field Analysis. Journal of Change Management, 14(1), 28–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/14697017.2013.788052
Unusida, A. S. P., Fahriani, D., Muzakki, K., & Wicaksono, A. (2025). The Impact of Access to Capital and Financial Technology on the Business Performance of SME in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. Golden Ratio of Finance Management, 5(2 SE-Articles), 410–422. https://doi.org/10.52970/grfm.v5i2.1363
Viljamaa, A., Joensuu-Salo, S., & Varamäki, E. (2025). Strategic planning, ambidexterity and exit strategy: dynamics in SMEs. International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development, 24(6), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMED.2025.147533
Wirawan, Andi Andika, Sjahruddin, Herman, Razak, N. (2019). Pengaruh Kualitas Produk dan Lokasi Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Melalui Kepuasan Pelanggan Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada Lamuna Coffee di Kabupaten Bone. Jurnal Organisasi Dan Manajemen, 10(1), 15–26.
Published
2026-06-10
How to Cite
Perangin Angin, L. H. B., Irfan, M., Susanti, N. D., & Indrayani, I. (2026). Strategic Development of Local Coffee SMEs: A Force Field Analysis of Growth Drivers and Constraints. Journal of Marketing Management and Innovative Business Review, 4(1), 32-43. https://doi.org/10.63416/mrb.v4i1.464
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Copyright (c) 2026 Lady Hatita Breby Perangin Angin, Muhammad Irfan, Nira Dewi Susanti, Indrayani Indrayani
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